Originally published by The North Carolina Daughters of the American Revolution, Durham, NC in 1932. regiments of Militia. This action was officially sanctioned by the Continental Congress in retaliation for Cherokee raids that previous summer in the Catawba and Yadkin River valleys. Research Branch, NCOffice of Archives and History, 2010.https://www.ncdcr.gov/about/history/division-historical-resources/nc-highway-historical-marker-program, On April 19, 1775, Massachusetts militiamen clashed with British regulars at Lexington Green. The following March, a large force of North Carolina militia led by Brigadier General John Ashe took part in an expedition into the hinterlands of Georgia. How did the Battle of Kings Mountain influence the American Revolutionary War? Do not sell or share my personal information. . Regiments of militia were called up for service by the governor or the commanding general to serve for a campaign or for a period of time as needed. Major Battles Of The American Revolutionary War . had acquitted themselves rather well - so, what the heck's wrong Continental officers were mostly American-born and upper class. Cherokee Disturbances and Removal (1836-1839). Loyalist David Fanning terrorized the region, and in September captured Governor Thomas Burke and most of the General Assembly in a raid on Hillsborough. Minute Man National Historical Park. to be another Colonel. North Carolina was asked to raise two regiments of five hundred men each. At the same time, the British underestimated the logistical . From January to March 1781, Cornwalliss army pursued Morgan, and his successor Nathanael Greene, in what became known as the Race to the Dan. The campaign included several skirmishes, namely Cowans Ford, Bruces Crossroads, Clapps Mill and Weitzells Mill. 1967. Reprinted for Clearfield Company Inc. by Genealogical Publishing Co. Inc, 2000, 2003. Artillery included field cannon used on the battlefield, cannon used in forts and on ships, and cannon called howitzers and mortars used to drop bombs into a fort or a confined area such as a ship. six battalions (regiments) of Minutemen, and thirty-five (35) NORTH CAROLINA'S BLACK PATRIOTS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION by W. Trevor Freeman May, 2020 Director of Thesis: Dr. Gerald Prokopowicz Major Department: History This thesis explores the service of an estimated 468 black men who fought for the American cause during the Revolutionary War. The existing, In February of 1776, as the Highland Scots were At this point in time, the North Carolina legislators were What was not one of those contributions? 1932). South Carolina---Free males over 16 [SC4 147]. 1776 Dr. Christine Swager researched this timeline and based it on Lumpkin, Henry. Each colony raised regiments of soldiers to send to the Continental Line, the main army. In September 1778 Congress received a large shipment of uniforms from France. The utensils usually included a fork made of wrought iron, a pewter or horn spoon, a knife, a plate, and a cup. Most other counties followed suit and their Militias At Camden on August 16, 1780, Cornwallis's army engaged a small American force commanded by Major General Horatio Gates. At least 103 known battles raged in South Carolina without Muskets were also bought from European manufacturers. Intelligence reports indicated the whole British army was advancing toward Guilford Courthouse. Afterwards they were detached and sent back to North Carolina. Regiment of Militia, Randolph Consequently, both armies avoided battles when it was raining. From mid-1776 on, the many different Militia To a degree, Greenes plan threw away the overwhelming American advantage of numbers. 2003. In June 1778, the North Carolina Continentals who had survived the Philadelphia campaign and Valley Forge, took part in the wars largest battle at Monmouth New Jersey. North Carolina had artillery companies at various places throughout the war. These videos show the terrain and include a superimposed map that explains the action of each American Line as they fought the Crown Forces. Records of Mexican War veterans might exist in a state where the veteran later resided. In October 1779 Congress adopted regulations requiring North Carolina troops to wear a uniform made of a blue coat with blue facing and laced with white around the buttonholes. Colonial and State Records of North Carolina. The Patriot Records Registryhas been assembled as a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (.xls format). Penelope reportedly sent a copy . RG 1800.099 Delaware Archives (A series of 13 manuscript boxes, 1 volume of original records and 3 published volumes) II. The state records of North Carolina Box of militia returns, 1770-1779 A just and true return of soldiers enlisted in the continental service for the term of 3 years in the 6th N. C. battalion Volume 9, p. 1229-1239. Two regiments In 1775 the Continental Congress first used the term "American Continental army." Pistols were rare. When the six-months were up, the Minutemen were disbanded. North Carolinas early history is filled with fascinating stories that of the Halifax Resolves, from Royal Governor Josiah Martin's flee from Tryon Palace to rule off shore to the heroic actions of a mother to protect her children during a Revolutionary War skirmish at House in the Horseshoe. It should be dearly loved by every man, woman and child in the United States. Legislators quickly realized that they were more expensive than Also known as Loyalists for their loyalty to the British crown, their contention with the Whigs (Patriots) was so intense that their savage fighting can justly be called America's first civil war. I fought during the opening engagements of the war at the Battle of Lexington and Concord January 19, 2007. (FS Library film 18079 item 2 (Google Books) (Ancestry)-($). Most people, when they think of the American Revolutionary War Patriots, they think of those who fought on the side of the United States and won our freedom. Along with the American long rifle, the American hunting shirt became famous in the American Revolution. New York, NY: Paragon House. While North Carolina troops died in the north, the state itself saw relative peace. Few started as military geniuses. regiments of Militia are now disbanded and there were no counties http://www.armyheritage.org/education-and-programs/educational-resources/soldier-stories/281-revwarequipment.html, http://www.history.army.mil/html/museums/uniforms/survey_uwa.pdf, https://www.nps.gov/mima/forteachers/upload/essentials.pdf, http://www.history.army.mil/images/artphoto/pripos/revwar/GCH.jpg, https://www.nps.gov/guco/photosmultimedia/Living-History.htm, https://www.nps.gov/museum/exhibits/revwar/image_gal/vafoimg/vafo109124137709.html. http://www.armyheritage.org/education-and-programs/educational-resources/soldier-stories/281-revwarequipment.html (accessed February 25, 2013). been around since the colony was first founded over one hundred For each war listed below, additional federal sources are listed in United States Military Records. American soldiers also took supplies from the British army. But there was a shortage of brown cloth, so some regiments dressed in blue and gray. not for further distribution. The body ordered the enlistment of North Carolinas first soldiers in the Continental Army and developed the thirteen-member Council of Safety to oversee the colonys resistance. U.S. Army Center of Military History. The Spanish-American War was largely fought in Cuba and the Philippines. units within North Carolina evolved as the State civil authorities Reprinted with permission from the Tar Heel Junior Historian. Daily life during the American Revolution. The War of 1812 between Britain and the United States confirmed the separate existence of the United States and the future Canada.See the Wiki article, North Carolina in the War of 1812, for information concerning military records, histories, links to relevant web sites, etc. On May 1, 1782, the NC General Assembly decided In October of 1774, the Johnston County three new counties. The Mexican War was caused by the annexation of Texas by the United States in 1845. They participated in the battles of Brandywine and Germantown in September and October, before going into winter quarters at Valley Forge. men required to field Minutemen units. After General Cornwallis retreated to Wilmington and then to Virginia in 1781, the North Carolina militia generally controlled the state and its resources. more in some cases) Colonels? created two new special regiments of Militia in anticipation This brigade joined Washington's army in 1777. Of course The North Carolina Continental Line regiments received blue coats faced with red collars, cuffs, and lapels. reveal evidence about Revolutionary War heroes. At 2:00 P.M., Sunday, March 16, 2014, the North Carolina Society Sons of the American Revolution (NCSSAR) will host a ceremony honoring fourteen Forgotten Revolutionary War . Greene seemed intent on crippling rather than conquering the redcoats. [1] Vengeance became more prominent within the war and played out among neighbors. Eventually it sent ten regiments of infantry to the Continental Line. Revolutionary War graves found between 1900 and 1987, which include the name of the patriot and the cemetery in which the headstone is found. 1981. The rifle was a long gun made with grooves inside its barrel which made it more accurate than a musket. few are 100% complete. Delegates appointed Cornelius Harnett the head of the Council, and divided the colony into six military districts for the purpose of organizing militia and arranging representation in the executive body. George C. Neumann Collection, Valley Forge National Historical Park. Sometimes when supplies were issued, there was confusion as to whether they were meant for the Continental Line troops or the state militia regiments. North Carolina representatives presented the resolves to the Continental Congress on May 27, the same day that Virginia offered a similar resolution. This phone number extension will direct your call to the Visitor Center where you can speak with a Park Ranger or Volunteer. Also very important to the armies was artillerylarge guns mounted so they could be moved easily and fired by a crew of men. North Carolina Revolutionary Pay Vouchers, 1779-1782 from FamilySearch Revolutionary War Soldiers of North and South Carolina. Often it was hard to get supplies, and the shortages hurt the war effort. It was expected to hold five men. The most important weapon during the American Revolution was the musketa long smoothbore gun (a gun without grooves inside its barrel) fired from the shoulderwith a bayonet attached at the end. Explore stories of the American Revolution told day-by-day. Dragoons were equipped with pistols and sabers. Early residents of Tennessee pushed the boundaries of the U.S. westward following the American Revolution. in late 1778 and Charleston, South Carolina, in May 1779. Salt Lake City, Utah: Ancestry, 1994. were in place and operational prior to the Provincial Congress's Therefore, no Militias were actually "authorized" This, however, is not shown through the social . This database is a collection of records kept by the U.S. National Archives listing men who fought for the colonies during the war. Militia, which could be called up and sent home, thereby cutting On February 27, 1776, North Carolina Patriots defeated a group of Loyalists at the Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge, the first significant victory for Patriots in the American Revolution. Rosters of Revolutionary War Soldiers and Sailors Images of published state rosters of Revolutionary War soldiers from the states of Alabama, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Vermont, and Virginia. Revolutionary War: Battles Fought in North Carolina (1775"1783) What event took place in North Carolina at the end of the American Revolution? Perhaps by this time, the North Carolinians had grown accustomed to doing without. by Josh Howard They often played critical roles in the frontier warfare of the French and Indian War between 1754 and 1763. Charles Fox, a British Parliamentarian, reportedly exclaimed upon learning of Cornwalliss losses, Another such victory will ruin us. Food and equipment were supplied more regularly to its troops fighting in South Carolina and elsewhere. Free Africans were also recruited. He took part in two of the most important turning points in the revolution. wtoliver1 split the Rowan County Regiment into two separate and distinct Included is a discussion of the leadership of the British forces and of the colonial patriots who inspired common citizens to fight for the . Patriots, also known as Revolutionaries, Continentals, Rebels, or American Whigs, were the colonists of the Thirteen Colonies who rejected . Since there is overlap in the WWI and WWII Selective Service registration, men born in the years 1877 to 1900 may have registered twice and have both WWII and WWI draft records. Heres proof. The Patriots and Their Forces: How the NC Military Organization Changed Over the Course of the War: March 10, 1775: September 15, 1775 . Through some herioic efforts by numerous The Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System allows name searching for soldiers. Supplying the American troops was an extremely difficult task. Both - keep mustering your Militia as long as you're willing At Camden on August 16, 1780, Cornwalliss army engaged a small American force commanded by Major General Horatio Gates. x232 Uniforms were a vital consideration to the armies. Just years before the Revolutionary War, North Carolina backcountry farmers revolted against the colonial government centered in the east because they were upset with excessive taxation and a lack of representation as part of what's now called the War of Regulation. National Archives and Records Administration in Washington, D.C. United States Military Online Genealogy Records, United States Revolutionary War Rolls, 1775-1783, U.S. Holmes, Richard. Joseph Reed was a lawyer, Adjutant General in the Revolutionary War, and a member of the Continental Congress. and corresponded with existing judicial districts: Edenton, Halifax, The Battle of Guilford Courthouse in North Carolina, on March 15, 1781, proved pivotal to the American victory in the American Revolutionary War (1775-83). So the armies fought in groups of men, organized as regiments, at close range. Burke County, North Carolina, Surviving Will and Probate Abstracts, . Articles detailing North Carolina's role in the conflict, what it took to outfit a Revolutionary soldier and much more. 1976. It is a large file to download so please be patient. The only bright moment for Patriot forces in North Carolina would have been their defeat of a large Loyalist force at Ramsours Mill a few days after Camden. Philbeck, Miles S. and Grace Turner. The Greenwood Press "Daily life through history" series. A rifleman could be overtaken quickly by dragoonstroops on horsebackor by men with bayonets. However, soldiers attempted to have clothing similar to the others in the company or regiment. Several key battles were won in South Carolina, particularly in the mountainous Upcountry region, where locals also fought over opposing views. Joseph (1704 SC - 1764 GA) Patriot, Died before Revolutionary War Nathaniel (ca1748 SC -1807 GA) Captain South Carolina Militia Samuel (1708 SC - 1770 GA) Patriot, Died before Revolutionary War Thomas (1747 SC - 1811 GA) Lieutenant Liberty County Georgia Militia William (1732 SC - 1790 GA) Signed McIntosh Petition On his left side he carried his bayonet in a leather scabbard attached to a linen or leather shoulder strap. The consequence of the U.S. Revolution was that England lost control of 13 colonies on the west coast of the Atlantic Ocean, and the first independent state with a republican system: the United States. / these patriots, believing in the noble / cause of liberty, gallantly fought for / their home and country. He was subsequently attacked by North Carolina militia forces in an aborted rescue attempt at Lindleys Mill however Fanning escaped with Governor Burke in tow. The 1818 Pensioners of the United States: On June 5, 1834, the U.S. Senate required the Secretary of War to submit a statement showing the names of pensioners who were on the pension rolls or had previously been on the pension rolls. took it upon themselves to start assembling their local Militias Military land warrants, Continental line Comptrollers office certificates 1870-1782, Vouchers for soldiers in Continental line 1783-92. the creation of the. Originally published by The North Carolina Daughters of the American Revolution, Durham, NC in 1932. If he supported the Revolution, he may be mentioned in the records as a rebel, patriot, or Whig. From the site of the first offical cry for independence from a colony at Historic Halifax to North Carolina's first capitol at Tryon Palace in New Bern to Bath, our state's first town, you'll find them all in North Carolina. D. The Patriots realized they could attack during a snowstorm. Raleigh, N.C.: [The Commission. The Revolutionary War lasted for eight long years, beginning with the battle between British troops and local Massachusetts militia at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts, on 19 April 1775, and ending with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783. Regiment of Militia, Sullivan The advancing redcoats would have to face strong American positions on three ridgelines the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Lines. Another 400 who descended from free-born colonial families served from North Carolina, 40 from South Carolina, 60 from Maryland, and 17 from Delaware. Many Revolutionary War patriots were granted bounty lands in Tennessee and South Carolina. The FamilySearch Library has the minutes of district court proceedings regarding these bonds. Tar Heel Junior Historian Association, NC Museum of History. Within two months, representatives of the Continental Congress, including North Carolinians Joseph Hewes, William Hooper, and John Penn, signed the Declaration of Independence. continue, but hopefully over time as new information becomes additional district was added, further dividing the mountainous Two months later, on April 12, 1776, the Fourth Provincial Congress passed the Halifax Resolves, officially endorsing independence from Great Britain. major battle (Moore's Creek Bridge) during this six-month period A large force of North Carolina militia led by Brigadier General Griffith Rutherford and supported by a secondary force of South Carolina militiamen marched into the far southwestern counties of North Carolina laying waste to Cherokee villages. to create his own militia unit, to be known as, In August of 1780, the Council of State authorized Those who opposed the Revolution were referred to as Loyalists or Tories. Over the course of six months, Patriot forces destroyed nearly one-quarter of the army Cornwallis had marched with from Charleston. Learn More About N.C.'s Revolution Before the Revolution, North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources, An official website of the State of North Carolina, Early North Carolina: Colonial Era and Revolutionary War, Advisory Council on Film, Television, and Digital Streaming, Diversity, Equity, Accessibility, and Inclusion. had gotten involved in the Province's few skirmishes and the New York: Norton. The Battle of Kings Mountain was a military engagement between Patriot and Loyalist militias in South Carolina during the Southern Campaign of the Revolutionary War, resulting in a decisive victory for the Patriots. of Paris - was signed. Often these weapons were carried by officers and sergeants as a sign of rank. Free Africans were also recruited. amateur and professional historians, there are several muster Label vector designed by Ibrandify - Freepik.com, https://www.ncdcr.gov/about/history/division-historical-resources/nc-highway-historical-marker-program, Massachusetts militiamen clashed with British regulars at Lexington Green, https://web.archive.org/web/20110809073149/http://ncatlasrevisited.org/, "Letters concerning the news of the Battle of Lexington in Massachusetts.". Among the Whigs were nearly 3,000 North Carolina militia commanded by Governor Richard Caswell. of a rumored British invasion along the Cape Fear - the. As in its previous format, the Registry is shown in its default organization ordered by Patriot Last Name, First Name, and Middle Name. Many legends surround the American long rifle in the Revolution. Affectionately known as Captain Bob by his soldiers, Kirkwood was well liked even though he was also a noted disciplinarian. The "Southern Strategy" transformed the American Revolution into a civil war that was, according to author Thomas Fleming, "far more savage and personal than anything fought in the North." Both. A man who was born in North Carolina between about 1710 and 1765 may be listed in some form of military record. All existing Officers, particularly, carried smallswords. These brigades had recently captured Charlestown, SC - the, In June of 1780, Maj. William Richardson Davie Volo, Dorothy Denneen, and James M. Volo. Greene deployed his troops in defensive postures that took advantage of the terrain along New Garden Road. Joshua Bowmans Comp., Feb. 19, 1778. Muskets could be aimed and fired accurately only at a target that was within one hundred yards. Soldiers usually provided their own forks, spoons, and knives to eat with. The regimental pages often include lists of the companies with links to the counties where the companies started. The war in the southern colonies became Patriots versus Loyalists. They were made of canvas or heavy cotton, usually about ten feet across by fourteen-feet deep by eight-feet high. When the Continental army was able to get supplies, they had to be shipped great distances, usually by wagon across rugged trails and roads. Army Heritage Center Foundation. Legal battles had been waged between Whig and Tory forces within the state, and Governor Josiah Martin dissolved the General Assembly on April 7. of several years of research attempting to sort them all out, Second Annual George Washington's . For more information, see United States in the War of 1812. Reprinted in the NCAtlas Revisited:https://web.archive.org/web/20110809073149/http://ncatlasrevisited.org/, NCDigital Collections (Government &Heritage Library and NCState Archives). For personal use and to Valley Forge by the blood of their feet." - 24834681. amilaroberson amilaroberson 09/29/2021 History College . Two hundred and four of men died at Valley Forge, and six of the regiments were officially disbanded. A comprehensive description of military history and records of North Carolina is given in Chapter 33 of Helen F. M. Learys North Carolina Research: Genealogy and Local History. Read the correspondence of many of North Carolinas most important early political leaders. Most volunteer regiments were from southern states. did its best to keep the troops clothed, fed, and equipped. Furthermore, the handful of Militia units that Microfilm copies of many of these are at the FamilySearch Library and at other federal and state archives. Union County, North Carolina. the creation of a new special regiment of Light Horse, the, On September 5, 1780, the NC General Assembly In September 1783, the war ended with the Treaty of Paris. United States World War I Draft Records provides additional information. authorized the creation of the, On May 3, 1776, the NC Provincial Congress authorized Distributed as a pamphlet, the revolutionary's wake-up call to the American colonies quickly caught fire. Nevertheless, many western North Carolina militiamen probably saw the operation as a potential land grab. The People of Inverness at Home and Abroad, 1800-1850 Author: Dobson, David Item #: 8729 $ 28.00 Add to cart 'Virginia makes the poorest figure of any State": The Virginia Infantry at Valley Forge Author: Boyle, Joseph Lee Item #: 8149 $ 44.00 Add to cart "Apt to get drunk at all Opportunities": White Pennsylvania Runaways, 1750-1762 But this money did not have the trust of the business people and had very little value. of Minutemen were established - as Provincial People viewed Sir Henry Clinton's proclamation as a forced resolution in 1780. Militia was mustered and began training. Although an American defeat, Cornwallis lost nearly 27% of his army; so many men that he had to retreat to British-held Wilmington. Available online. Go to: https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008555399 At the Battle of Cowpens in South Carolina on January 17, 1781, during the Revolutionary War (1775-83), American troops under Brigadier General Daniel Morgan (1736-1802) routed British forces . U.S. Southern Claims Commission Master Index, 1871-1880 Index only $, Blankets were usually made of wool, and Governor Caswell considered them a priority when he supplied the troops. a pair of wool, linen, or cotton trousers, either breeches that were gathered just below the knee, or overalls. For detailed information about national service and pension records from the Indian Wars, see United States Military Records. Used by permission of the publisher. Some historians have argued that the loyalty to Britain stemmed from the Piedmont hatred of the Eastern merchant and planter class that had earlier quashed the Regulator Rebellion and later became ardent Patriots. In The News. They had to carry their own blankets, kettles, and other personal items. Please submit permission requests for other not. Specifically, it examines those who resided in Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press. The Declaration of Independence clearly stated that all men are created equal and unalienable rights (Document 2). In the North Carolina Brigade, soldiers were not allowed to put any of their personal property in the baggage wagons when they were on the march. During the French and Indian War, 17551763, some North Carolina soldiers fought against the French and Indians. Their names may be found in the Hillsboro, Morgan, and Salisbury district court records. Soon hundreds of Highland Scots were enlisting in Tory regiments in the region and marching towards Wilmington. . "Letters concerning the news of the Battle of Lexington in Massachusetts." North Carolina newspaper editor James Davis wrote, The Sword is now drawn, and God knows when it will be sheathed.. After defeating the Loyalists at Moore's Creek Bridge in February 1776, North Carolina troops seized 1,500 firearms, 150 swords and dirks, ammunition, two valuable medicine chests, and thirteen wagons. Rhode IslandMen above 21 [RI2 1]. It contains search strategies and information to guide you to the best records for your objective. This category includes officers and soldiers who served as Patriots in the North Carolina Militia during the American Revolutionary War . Eight pounds of soap was distributed each week to every hundred men. The Continentals comprised about one-third of the American soldiers who served in the Revolutionary War. C: The Patriots realized that they could defeat British soldiers. North Carolina and Tennessee, U.S., Revolutionary War Land Warrants, 1783-1843, North Carolina and Tennessee, U.S., Early Land Records, 1753-1931, U.S., Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land Warrant Application Files, 1800-1900. About North Carolina, U.S., Revolutionary War Soldiers, 1776-1783 From the years 1776 to 1783, approximately 36,000 men from North Carolina served in the American Revolution. Roster of South Carolina Patriots in the American Revolution. . Lewis. During 1777, North Carolina Continental soldiers, regular troops enlisted for periods ranging from twelve months to the duration of the war, served in George Washingtons campaigns near Philadelphia. County Regiment of Militia, Montgomery Greene, lacking confidence in his militia, and concluding that attacking would be too risky, determined to let Cornwallis come to him. Rankin, Hugh F. 1977. On November 7, 1779, the NC General Assembly authorized splitting the Mecklenburg County Regiment into two separate and distinct regiments, thereby creating the 2nd Mecklenburg County Regiment. See the Vietnam War wiki article for information on records and their availability. The series of books included photos and a short biography of some of the soldiers from the state. These privately armed merchantmen captured British and Loyalist vessels and had them adjudicated at North Carolinas admiralty courts, thereby providing goods and prize money to the states people. In September of 1775, the Third Provincial Congress divided Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. Research Branch, NC Office of Archives and History. uses directly to the museum Lonsdale, R. E., ed. Background of the Continental Army a black leather stock, worn around the neck, a wool coat, usually with collar, cuffs, and lapels that were a different color. 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And History 2013 ) the Patriot records Registryhas been assembled as a rebel, Patriot, overalls... Of brown cloth, so some regiments dressed in blue and gray a rifleman could moved... Colonies who rejected, also known as Revolutionaries, Continentals, Rebels, Whig. Heavy cotton, usually about ten feet across by fourteen-feet deep by eight-feet high Daily. The Third Provincial Congress divided Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press `` Daily life through History series. Probably saw the operation as a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (.xls format.... Skirmishes, namely Cowans Ford, Bruces Crossroads, Clapps Mill and Weitzells Mill North... Member of the U.S. National Archives listing men who fought for the colonies during American. Heel Junior Historian after General Cornwallis retreated to Wilmington and then to Virginia in 1781, the Johnston County new. A long gun made with grooves inside its barrel which made it more than... A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (.xls format ) proclamation as a Microsoft spreadsheet... Shirt became famous in the battles of Brandywine and Germantown in September October!

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