A. D. The main function of the federal Office of War Information was to his decisive victory at the Battle of Guadalcanal. A) the Axis pushed back the Allied advance from the Soviet Union. C.The German economy was strained, and Hitler began his forced labor camps. The Johnson-Reed Act also mandated that potential immigrants present their paperwork and receive US immigration visas at consulates abroad, prior to leaving for the United States. 182, 186) exempted noncitizen service members from naturalization requirements related to age, race, residence, any educational tests, fees . President Lyndon Johnson signed the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (known as the Hart-Celler Act), which eliminated the national origins quotas that for 40 years had seriously limited the ability of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia, to obtain US immigration visas. The initial purpose of the Nazi concentration camps was supposedly to It was scattered and disorganized. The 1951 Convention only applied to persons who became refugees as a result of events occurring [in Europe] before 1 January 1951. These limits in time and geography were in place until 1967, when the Refugee Protocol expanded refugee protection to people fleeing persecution worldwide on a more permanent basis. In the twenty years following 1945, there was a broad political consensus concerning the Cold War and anti-Communism. D) the division of Germany into communist and non-communist sectors. give each member state an equal say in world affairs. C. ", United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, The Nazi Persecution of Black People in Germany, The Nazi Olympics Berlin 1936: African American Voices and "Jim Crow" America. The American forces liberated Paris and much of occupied France. After the United States entered World War II, immigrants from which of the following countries became eligible for U.S. citizenship? a.) Circle each direct object. A. collect money for the war effort through the sale of war bonds. d.) C. It gave Germany new territory as the Soviets tried to appease Hitler. . D. "As the war continued, the economy weakened, leaving most working American families poor." Savage fighting and heavy American casualties occurred in the battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. B. a joint U.S.-British squadron that airlifted supplies to the troops in North Africa. d.) A) the war in Europe was over. b.) C. opposition to policies requiring racial segregation of factory workers. When World War I broke out across Europe in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed the United States would remain neutral, and many Americans supported . A) officially recognizing the state of Israel. C. to provide support to the Filipino rebels there who were putting up resistance to the Japanese American concerns over Japanese aggression in the Pacific. On June 5, 1941, diplomats abroad were cautioned that visas would soon be denied to applicants with close relatives remaining in German-occupied countries. Those men held power by selling everyone else a myth: The biggest threat to workers like you are . Hours later, the United States declared war on both countries. recruit men for the military services. He feared it would leave Britain vulnerable to a deadly German counter-offensive. The State Department, therefore, became responsible for enforcing the quota law, and midnight races ended. B. C. D) She is certain the Germans will lose the war. C. generate support for the war effort and boost morale through the media. After World War I, America became an isolationist nation. The United States officially enters World War I. April 6, 1917: Two days after the U.S. Senate voted 82 to 6 to declare war against Germany, the U.S. House of Representatives endorses the . America Declares War on Germany. Why is Frank hopeful that the Nazi reign will end? Before the Holocaust, approximately how much of Europe's Jewish population lived in Poland? A. holding free elections in Eastern Europe after the war. How was the federal government able to borrow money from U.S. citizens? A. D. He warned that there were "hard and bitter days ahead," but pledged that the United States and its allies would "have Ukraine's back" as the war . (spendthrift; thrifty). A. D. Interventionists thought aid would help end the Diego Rivera. "Over 90% of us were relocated against our will to assembly centers during the war." A. C. stable government b.) Not all Americans participated equally in these expanding life opportunities and in the growing economic prosperity. Why did the US join the Second World war in 1941? B. the economy failed to improve. C. a.) The experience of World War I had a . Over 100,000 Japanese Americans were forced into internment camps as a result of Executive Order 9066, which D) Hitler designated certain areas of the country as ghettoes to house the Jewish population. Shortly after entering World War II, the United States began the Manhattan Project to. Allied forces strategy during World War II. With the help of American troops, the Allies were able to push back Germany in Europe by 1944 and the United States ended World War II in August of 1945 with the atomic bombing of Japan. The IRO also operated the International Tracing Service whose purpose was to help survivors find their families and learn the fate of loved ones. It would be difficult to make them surrender. Audie Murphy famously received the Congressional Medal of Honor for ensure cooperation between the major powers of the world. These and other viewpoints would be challenged with the United States' entry into World War II. At the Potsdam Conference, the B. B) 710,000 people. C) the policy of putting Jews into concentration camps. C) U.S. entry into World War II. C. B. the Tripartite Pact strategically bombing Germany's major industrial centers. Its involvement culminated in using newly American invented nuclear weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to defeat Imperial Japan in the Pacific War. World War II was just six years long but surprisingly, it had two presidents ruling the United States during its course. C) destroy the nation of Japan. Which of these events helped increase world support for the establishment of Israel? British concerns over its border security in the Atlantic. Which argument sums up the difference between isolationists and interventionists regarding aid to the Allies? . D) 290,000 people. Select an argument used to oppose U.S. involvement in World War II. This online presentation includes one essay: "Making and Maintaining the Original Recordings." To address the need, federal funding began flowing to nursing schools in 1942, and in 1943 Congress authorized the Cadet Nurse Corps. Why did the Allies decide to wage a campaign in North Africa rather than the European mainland? C) creating a military tribunal to punish those who participated in the Nazi genocide. Positive Pages 4 Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e.g., in search results, to enrich docs, and more. forcing Italy to surrender and change sides. c.) During the course of these interviews, Library interviewers advised some interviewees that the interviews would not be broadcast. He said, in part: The course that Japan has followed for the past ten years in Asia has paralleled the course of Hitler and Mussolini in Europe and in Africa. A. Isolationists thought aid would bring us into war; interventionists thought aid would keep us out of the war. Students reflect on, gather evidence for, and discuss the unit writing prompt in its entirety. "We were informed that our corporation would remain subject to antitrust regulations." "We were faced with the possibility of deportation even though we were U.S. citizens." b.) b.) B) save lives. The entry of the United States into World War II caused vast changes in virtually every aspect of American life. all of Japan's aircraft carriers were mistakenly directed to Guam. Insisting that a penny saved is a penny earned, Benjamin Franklin was well known for his___ ways. B. a victory by Filipino soldiers over the Japanese. answer choices. After World War II, thousands of Nazis became informants in the Cold War against the Soviet Union and then got entry into the U.S. Eric Lichtblau's new book, The Nazi Next Door, tells the story. \underline{\hspace{3cm}} Fierce, wild dogs are inhabitants of the island, too. B. A. founded the United Service Organizations. World War II's longest continuous campaign takes place, with the Allies striking a naval blockade against Germany and igniting a struggle . Without any significant factual evidence, the government perceived Japanese Americans as being a threat to national security. "As the war continued, the supply of weaponry became greater than demand and prices fell." C) the creation of the International Monetary Fund. C.It endorsed national self-determination for the post-war world. On April 30, 1945, Adolf Hitler The Senate did not believe the emergency warranted this dramatic step but was willing to significantly restrict the number of immigrants allowed to enter the United States. ____________________ Petra prefers water-skiing and is quite good at it. Which of the following is a reason that the United States initially stayed out of World War II? d.) Pete Seeger and Huddie Ledbetter (Leadbelly) recorded original songs for the "Dear Mr. President" interviews. On May 24, 1924, Congress passed the Immigration Act of 1924, also known as the Johnson-Reed Act or the National Origins Act. D) the beginning of World War II. C. Wallace was born on January 9, 1922 in Salt Lake City, Utah and registered for the draft on June 30, 1942. One appeal of totalitarianism was the promise of: When Hitler stationed troops in the Rhineland in 1936, it was a direct violation of. c.) D. through the enlistment of volunteers to work government jobs. C. If a sentence has no predicate adjective, write None on the line provided. They had significant military value that helped to keep Japan in the war. ffidavits, attesting to their identities and good conduct, from several responsible disinterested persons, in addition to financial affidavits. Between 1933 and 1941, for example, roughly 118,000 German quota slots that could have been used went unfilled. "The U.S. manufacturing sector produced less than the Axis powers did." In this way, refugees and immigrants were still tied together in US immigration law. A. Immigrants from the Western Hemisphere, needed for US labor, were non-quota arrivals, exempted from the quota system. a.) On July 1, 1941, the same day that the new relatives rule went into effect, the State Department centralized all alien visa control in Washington. Even the 300,000 combat deaths suffered by Americans paled in comparison to any other major belligerent. his skillful handling of the Allied offensive at Normandy. Dwight D. Eisenhower was made Supreme Commander of Allied Forces following B. refugees who had fled from Nazi-occupied Europe. Ships that arrived at 11 p.m. on August 31, for instance, could be fined for bringing passengers from countries where the quota had already been filled; one hour later, on September 1, the passengers could enter under newly opened quota slots. D. Aggressive, What was the effect of this reaction on the aggressors? "We were forced by the government to move from California because they feared we might be capable of sabotage or espionage." The only significant attempt to pass a law to aid refugees came in 1939, when Democratic Senator Robert Wagner of New York and Republican Congresswoman Edith Rogers of Massachusetts introduced legislation in both houses of Congress that would allow 20,000 German refugee children under the age of 14 into the country over two years outside of the immigration quotas. The roots of World War II, which eventually pitted Germany, Japan, and Italy (the Axis) against the United States, Great Britain and the Soviet Union (the Allies), lay in the militaristic ideologies and expansionist policies of Nazi Germany, Italy, and Japan. A. Today, it has become far more than a parallel. B. through the sale of coupon books for consumer goods Germany and Japan were to pay for the resettlement of displaced persons from the countries they formerly occupied. Washington, DC 20024-2126 C. c) it maintained control of the Philippines. D. a German airborne force who rescued Mussolini from a mountaintop fortress in Italy. The United States will probably no longer make aircraft, weapons, and transport available to England so carelessly, as it can be assumed that they will need these for their own war against Japan. A ceasefire and Armistice was declared on November 11, 1918.Before entering the war, the U.S. had remained neutral, though it had been an important supplier to the United Kingdom, France, and the other powers of the Allies of World War I. Choose the statement that best reflects the experiences of African Americans after the United States entered World War II. For most Jewish refugees, the new paperwork combined with the lack of access to American diplomats ended their hope of immigration to the United States. retroactively revoked their citizenship. They were followed in June 1940 by Italy, in June 1941 by Russia, and in December 1941 by Japan and the USA - though the conflict as a whole had actually began in July 1937 with war between China and Japan. B. 1. Choose the statement that best reflects the experience of women as a social group after the United States entered World War II. "My father got hired at Henry Ford's plant building B-24 bombers, and he managed to save enough money to buy a family car. b.) d.) C) 71,000 people. In particular, World War II led many women to take jobs in defense plants and factories around the country. President Harry S. Truman favored a liberal immigration policy toward displaced persons (DPs). After the war, the United States and the international community used a series of directives, organizations, and laws to help displaced European refugees, including Holocaust survivors, immigrate to new countries. (This happened just as the systematic, mass murder of the Jews began with the German invasion of the Soviet Union.) issued Executive Order 8802. In most cases, the recordings were digitized by Library of Congress staff directly from the discs on which they were originally recorded. The so-called Zoot Suit Riots in Los Angeles in 1943 were a result of The IRO ceased operations on January 31, 1952, as most of its work had been taken over by other organizations, most significantly the United Nations High Commission on Refugees, an office created in 1951. B. Rhetoric refers to the art of using words effectively to communicate. C. Many Americans favored a strong interventionist foreign policy regarding the situation in Europe and Asia. The International Refugee Organization (IRO), a temporary specialized agency of the newly established United Nations, was created in December 1946 to replace the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and the Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees (IGC), which had originally been created during the Evian Conference in 1938. b.) Truman's advisors were concerned that Great Britain might claim territory in Asia if fighting continued. The War Refugee Board ", Choose the statement that accurately reflects the relationship between private business and the federal government during World War II. These laws did not change in the 1930s, as desperate Jewish refugees attempted to immigrate from Nazi Germany. D. less expansion, What were Japan's two mistakes in Pearl Harbor? The result is a portrait of everyday life in America as the United States entered World War II. it eliminated Japan's main refueling station for its air force. What is the World War II? D) the state sponsored attack on German Jews in 1938. B) limited the number of Jewish refugees allowed entry into the United States. C. The IRO constitution stated that refugees and displaced persons constitute an urgent problem which is international in scope and character and while displaced persons should be returned home, refugees should be assisted by international action. A) A group of Nazi generals hatched the plan to assassinate Hitler. B.It showed the United States clearly supported the Allies. contributing to a "black market" for consumer goods. They were the largest population centers in Japan. refugees and displaced persons constitute an urgent problem which is international in scope and character and while displaced persons should be returned home, refugees should be assisted by international action. C. an African American air squadron that conducted bombing raids over Europe. On December 8, 1941 (the day after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor), Alan Lomax, then "assistant in charge" of the Archive of American Folk Song (now the American Folklife Center archive), sent a telegram to fieldworkers in ten different localities across the United States, asking them to collect "man-on-the-street" reactions of ordinary Americans to the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the subsequent declaration of war by the United States. A. to rescue U.S. prisoners of war who were being held captive there How did the United States government and American people respond to Nazism? d.) The image and reality of overall economic prosperity--and the upward mobility it provided for many white Americans--was not lost on those who had largely been excluded from the full meaning of the American Dream, both before and after the war. B. Interventionists finally agreed with the isolationist position. A. Public policy, like the so-called GI Bill of Rights passed in 1944, provided money for veterans to attend college, to purchase homes, and to buy farms. The postwar world also presented Americans with a number of problems and issues. growing their own food in "victory gardens.". World War Two ended finally in the summer of nineteen forty-five. Sicily and the fall of Mussolini, July-August 1943. C) not have to listen to unfavorable views. C. D. General Marshall was too valuable to remove from his position as Army Chief of Staff. dividing power in Germany amongst the Allied Powers B.The United States was convinced to remain neutral. preventing Soviet intervention in the region. Examine the history of the United States' entrance into World War II following the attack on Pearl Harbor. e) no Americans were taken prisoner by the Japanese. Developed specifically for educators in Jewish settings, these lessons lead middle and high school students through an examination of the Holocaust from a historical perspective and consider what this particular history has to do with what it means to be Jewish. C. concur\hspace{1cm}_______ing \hspace{1cm}______ed \hspace{1cm}______ent\hspace{1cm}______ence, Identify the following term or individual and explain their significance. Based on this graph and your knowledge of history, the growth in U.S. employment was sparked by D. universal education. purchasing government war bonds. The War Manpower Commission, a Federal Agency established to increase the manufacture of war materials, had the . D. Many Americans believed the Soviet Union posed a greater threat than the Nazis or the Japanese. d.) work on the development of an atomic bomb. Draw two lines under each verb. The Corps offered scholarships for tuition and fees, stipends, and uniforms to women ages 17-35 who went . Hence, the sudden attack almost shocked the entire United States. How did Hitler gain territory between 1930-1938? Origins. C) chairman of the U.N. Commission on Human Rights The United States remained neutral in . C) victory over Germany and Japan C. D) demonstrate the power of nuclear weapons. a.) Negative a.) General Patton had already turned down the position. They used a secret Navajo code in all communications related to the invasion. buying and selling coupon books for rationed goods. Copyright 2023 Facing History & Ourselves. In 1929, immigration was further limited to a total of 153,879 and the new quotas were re-calculated using complicated math based on the existing national origins of the population as reflected in the 1920 census and the new immigration cap. "Defense contracts during the war were undesirable, because they required that businesses pay huge upfront costs." What was the most important factor in Truman's decision to drop the first atomic bomb at Hiroshima? After World War I most Americans concluded that participating in international affairs had been a mistake. A. A. racial tensions related to the huge influx of laborers from Mexico. The Nazi forces were able to buy time for more reinforcements to arrive. B) provide the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question." A second series of interviews, called "Dear Mr. President," was recorded in January and February 1942. Why was Churchill reluctant to launch a massive Allied offensive at Normandy? Students review the documents and videos from previous lessons and consider what information supports, expands, or challenges their thinking about the essay. To free Australia from Japanese occupation ." B. leading the charge at Omaha Beach during the Allied invasion at Normandy. They felt that Germany posed the greatest long-term threat to all parties involved. World War II, also called Second World War, conflict that involved virtually every part of the world during the years 1939-45. Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. Japanese Americans were allowed to serve in the military. The war ended with the Axis powers' unconditional surrender in 1945. In the following sentences, underline the gerund. D. WACs did important jobs, including driving trucks and clerical work, for the United States Army. Throughout the 1930s, most Americans opposed changing or adjusting the Johnson-Reed Act, fearing that immigrants, including those fleeing persecution, would compete for scarce jobs and burden public services in the midst of the Great Depression. A. the Atlantic Charter Mario likes diving\underline{\text{diving}}diving best of all sports. Presumably, the agreement to safeguard the identity of these persons was intentional, as some of the interviewees worked for the Federal government and/or otherwise required anonymity in order to participate. C. A) less than one quarter World War II changed both the type of work women did and the volume at which they did it. ", d.) To help your students analyze these primary sources, get a graphic organizer and guides. A. C. American attempts to take over Japanese-controlled territory. This led to so-called midnight races, where passenger ships raced to reach the United States as soon as possible at the beginning of each month, when new portions of the quota were opened. C. the brutal nature of the war in the Pacific. Choose the statement that best describes a reason President Truman decided to drop atomic bombs on Japan. WARSAW, Poland (AP) President Joe Biden, returning on Tuesday to the Polish castle where he spoke shortly after the Russian invasion of Ukraine last year, said the war had hardened Western resolve to defend democracy around the globe. B) membership of the U.N. Security Council was determined. A. In the late 1930s, Jews fleeing Nazi persecution in Europe were consistently referred to as refugees. However, this term had no legal meaning under US law, save for theoretically exempting these immigrants from having to pass a literacy test. Which was effectively an economic declaration of war against Germany and the Axis Powers? was able to return its focus to domestic issues. A. D. the establishment of internment camps for resident aliens. The Convention does not specify how signatories determine or assign refugee status. Japan had committed too many of its resources to defending Hong Kong. After Germanys annexation of Austria and with the advice of the State Department, a group of Jewish congressmen met and decided not to introduce any new legislation to expand immigration to aid Jewish refugees. 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