""", * def timeLong = call dateStringToLong '2016-12-24T03, # import yaml (will be converted to json), # if the js file evaluates to a function, it can be re-used later using the 'call' keyword (or invoked just like normal js), # the following short-cut is also allowed, # perfect for all those common authentication or 'set up' flows, And request karate.readAsString('classpath, # use only 'ssim' (structural similarity) engine, # always use both 'resemble' and 'ssim' engines but only evaluate the lowest mismatch percentage against our `failureThreshold`, # prefer 'resemble' and fallback to 'ssim' engine only if the resemble mismatch percentage is >= `failureThreshold`, # only consider the comparison as failed when 2% or more pixels are different from the baseline, * configure imageComparison = { failureThreshold, # consider image comparisons that fail due to too many mismatched pixels as passed (especially useful when you are first starting without any baseline images), * configure imageComparison = { mismatchShouldPass, # custom JS function called in Karate HTML image comparison UI when the user clicks the `Rebase` button, """ Although it is just a few lines of code, take time to study the above example carefully. So if you take the previous folder structure example, you can do this on the command-line: Here, AnimalsTest is the name of the Java class we designated to run the multiple *.feature files that make up your test-suite. Here is an example, where the same websocket connection is used to send as well as receive a message. Refer to the demo karate-config.js for an example and how the demo.server.port system-property is set-up in the test runner: TestBase.java. And you can perform conditional / cross-field validations and even business-logic validations at the same time. You can use karate.abort() like so: Using karate.abort() will not fail the test. The example below combines this with the advanced features described above. myInt + ''), in some rare cases, you may need to convert a string to a number. So now, complex payloads (that include arrays) can easily be validated in one step by combining validation markers like so: Especially note the re-use of the oddSchema both as an embedded-expression and as an array validation (on the last line). Refer to this demo feature for an example: kitten-create.feature. Karate and BDD Karate is built on top of Cucumber, another BDD testing framework, and shares some of the same concepts. This is convenient for complex nested payloads where you are sure that you only want to check for some values in the various trees of data. You can easily assign the whole response (or just parts of it using Json-Path or XPath) to a variable, and use it in later steps. This does require you to move set-up into a separate *.feature (or JavaScript) file. You can use karate.callSingle() directly in a *.feature file, but it logically fits better in the global bootstrap. downloadLatestFn('custom_latest.png') When using Playwright you can omit this in which case Karate will default to Chrome (within Playwright) and the default browser window size. Here is an example of using the call keyword to invoke another feature file, loaded using the read function: If you find this hard to understand at first, try looking at this set of examples. But sometimes it is un-avoidable, for example to wait for animations to render - before taking a screenshot. And you dont need to create additional Java classes for any of the payloads that you need to work with. If the request is for /api/*, the first Scenario matches - else the last one is a catch all. e.g. For JSON and XML files, Karate will evaluate any embedded expressions on load. Observe how you can mix different locator types, because they are all just string-values that behave differently depending on whether the first character is a / (XPath), {} (wildcard), or not (CSS). If you find yourself needing a complex helper or utility function, we strongly recommend that you use Java because it is much easier to maintain and even debug if needed. { "roomInformation": [{ "roomPrice": 618.4 }], "totalPrice": 618.4 }, In his article, Peter writes about the test-automation framework Karate. And if being called in a loop, a built-in variable called __loop will also be available that will hold the value of the current loop index. The default setting for the max retry-attempts is 3 with a poll interval of 3000 milliseconds (3 seconds). Simple, clean syntax that is well suited for people new to programming or test-automation. Also note that you dont use @Karate.Test for the method, and you just use the normal JUnit 5 @Test annotation. In most cases you wont need to set the Content-Type header as Karate will automatically do the right thing depending on the data-type of the request. There are examples of calling JVM classes in the section on Java Interop and in the file-upload demo. There are two forms. Also refer to the wiki for using Karate with Gradle. Features API and UI automation Karate supports the following functional-style operations via the JS API - karate.map(), karate.filter() and karate.forEach(). There are two types of code that can be call-ed. For an example of how JavaScript looks like on the Karate side see Function Composition. That data is used to make yet another request to fetch a JPEG image from e.g. Added karate dependencies Create First API Test Using Karate Keep in mind that: Will actually attempt to evaluate the given string as JavaScript within the browser. The above would result in a URL like: http://myhost/mypath?someKey=hello&anotherKey=foo. This can be achieved using karate.callSingle(). As a convenience, there is a second form where you can pass an array as the second argument: And an extra convenience third argument is a time-delay (in milliseconds) that will be applied before each array value. countryName: '#string', The retry keyword is designed to extend the existing method syntax (and should appear before a method step) like so: Any JavaScript expression that uses any variable in scope can be placed after the retry until part. Note that even the scenario name can accept placeholders - which is very useful in reports. Here below is an example that also demonstrates using the multipart/related content-type. For convenience, you can have multiple expressions separated by commas, so this is the recommended pattern: Similar to assert, the expressions on the right-hand-side of a print have to be valid JavaScript. So most of the time this would be sufficient: Since it will result in the following request to the WebDriver /session: But in some cases, especially when you need to talk to remote driver instances, you need to pass specific shapes of JSON expected by the particular implementation - or you may need to pass custom data or extension properties. Listed on 2023-03-01. Note that the opposite of optional() is locate() which will fail if the element is not present. Also make sure that you complete the set up of things like url, param, header, configure etc. And then you would use the built-in driver JS object for all other operations, combined with Karates match syntax for assertions where needed. You can experiment by using XPath snippets like the span/a seen above for even more narrowing down, but try to expand the scope modifier (the part within curly braces) only when you need to do de-duping in case the same user-facing text appears multiple times on a page. a login flow) into a common feature that can be called from multiple test-scripts. This is especially useful when capturing screenshots during tests and comparing against baseline images that are known to be correct. Also Karate will call the executable with three arguments in this order: So this is how you can communicate your cross-browser config from your Karate test to the executable. If you dont want to use Java, you have the option of just downloading and extracting the ZIP release. Here is a summary: Note that for the afterFeature hook to work, you should be using the Runner API and not the JUnit runner. height All the fuzzy matching markers will work in XML as well. Powerful JSON & XML declarations are built-in, and you can run tests in parallel for speed. [{ Note that Map translates to JSON, and JavaBean getters and setters translate to JS properties - e.g. Note how Karates match syntax comes in handy. function() { Within that folder, you can run: Now create a file called playwright/server.js with the following code: The main thing here is that the server URL should be logged to the console when it starts. If you are new to programming or test-automation, refer to the options for IDE support and the official IntelliJ plugin is recommended. For a call (or callonce) - payload / data structures (JSON, XML, Map-like or List-like) variables are passed by reference which means that steps within the called feature can update or mutate them, for e.g. In addition, it also supports mocks, performance testing, and Mobile test Automation with other inbuilt features var foo = function(v){ return v * v }; So in dev mode you can easily set this behavior like this. In such cases, you can always fall-back to a waitForUrl() or a more generic waitFor(). Allowed keystore types are as described in the. The JS API has a karate.signal(result) method that is useful for involving asynchronous flows into a test. The Maven tradition is to have non-Java source files in a separate src/test/resources folder structure - but we recommend that you keep them side-by-side with your *.java files. locateAll() can take a second argument which has to be a JavaScript predicate function, that returns a boolean true or false. Note that this mode can be also triggered via the command-line by adding -D or --dryrun to the karate.options. One workaround is to temporarily disable or rename your Maven settings.xml file, and try again. The built-in driver JS object is where you script UI automation. When you use Karate, all your data assertions can be done in pure JSON and without needing a thick forest of companion Java objects. If you have other questions or feedback, the comment section is yours. If this is the first instance in a test, this step also initializes the driver instance for all subsequent steps - using what is configured. This will fail the test if the element does not appear after the configured number of re-tries have been attempted. There are two variations. The same approach should apply to any Selenium grid provider such as Zalenium. Either - it can be assigned to a variable like so. This below declares that the native (direct) Chrome integration should be used, on both Mac OS and Windows - from the default installed location. By default, all actions such as click() will not be re-tried - and this is what you would stick to most of the time, for tests that run smoothly and quickly. Launching K-Flow Model API workflows using an intuitive, drag-and-drop, no code experience leading to powerful API documentation. This has the advantage that you can use pure JsonPath and be more concise. Look at multipart entity for an example. This is useful when you ship a JAR file containing re-usable features and JavaScript / Java code and want to default a few variables that teams can inherit from. But always use the driver keyword when you start a test and you can choose to prefer that shorter form in general. input: { You get to choose how to manage your environment-specific configuration values such as user-names and passwords. And as a testing framework, Karate discourages tests that give different results on every run. The method argument is JSON, so that you can pass more data in addition to the value such as domain and url. This will also do automatically perform a karate.embed() - so that the image appears in the HTML report. Note that there is a top-level config flag for headless mode. Refer to conditional logic for more ideas. } In typical frameworks it could mean changing multiple properties files, maven profiles and placeholders, and maybe even threading the value via a dependency-injection framework - before you can even access the value within your test. Another (simple) example of a custom Target you can use as a reference is this one: karate-devicefarm-demo - which demonstrates how Karate can be used to drive tests on AWS DeviceFarm. A very useful behavior when you combine the optional marker with an embedded expression is as follows: if the embedded expression evaluates to null - the JSON key (or XML element or attribute) will be deleted from the payload (the equivalent of remove). API API POST API abcd : : Other options are the quickstart or the standalone executable. One example of when you may want to convert JSON (or XML) to a string is when you are passing a payload to custom code via Java interop. Karate Test Automation Made Simple. The name of the SOAP action specified is used as the SOAPAction header. This will return all elements that match the locator as a list of Element instances. Since the karate object is injected within karate-config.js on start-up, it is a simple and effective way for other processes within the same JVM to pass configuration values to Karate at run-time. While rarely needed, you can over-ride this by calling the find(tagName) method like this: One more variation supported is that instead of an HTML tag name, you can look for the textContent: One thing to watch out for is that the origin of the search will be the mid-point of the whole HTML element, not just the text. Of course it is an option to have Karate tests in a separate stand-alone maven project and folder, while still being in the same Git repository. Also note that match contains any is possible for JSON objects as well as JSON arrays. So the above could be re-written as follows: It is worth repeating that the above can be condensed into 2 lines. Here are some examples: Now that we have seen how JSON is a native data type that Karate understands, there is a very nice way to create JSON using Cucumbers support for expressing data-tables. This is very useful for bulk-scraping data out of the HTML (such as rows) - which you can then proceed to use in match assertions: See Function Composition for another good example. function(arg) { return jd.doWork(arg); Here is an interesting example where a JavaScript event can be triggered on a given HTML element: When starting with _, the ES6 arrow function syntax is also supported. The above logic can actually be replaced with Karates built-in short-cut - which is waitForResultCount() Also see waits. Only 1 import is needed, and instead of a class-level annotation, you use a nice DRY and fluent-api to express which tests and tags you want to use. By default, the file is expected to be in the same folder (package) and side-by-side with the *.feature file. Both the official Visual Studio Code and IntelliJ plugins support step-through debugging of Karate tests. But you can prefix the name with classpath: in which case the root folder would be src/test/java (assuming you are using the recommended folder structure). The @setup tag is built-in for this purpose and any Scenario tagged with this will behave like @ignore. 1. if there is no matching tag - that the Examples without a tag will be executed. This is technically not in the key-value form: multipart field name = 'foo', but logically belongs here in the documentation. countryId: '#number', You signal that a submit is expected by calling the submit() function (which returns a Driver object) and then chaining the action that is expected to trigger a page load. Note that the JS function in this case is run by Karate not the browser, so you use the Java String.startsWith() API. political education Note that if you did not need to inject Examples: into placeholders enclosed within < and >, reading from a file with the extension *.txt may have been sufficient. This is just a convenience short-cut for waitUntil(locator, "_.textContent.includes('" + expected + "')") since it is so frequently needed. You can organize multiple common utilities into a single re-usable feature file as follows e.g. This is best explained with an example. The section on Karate Expressions goes into the details. It will inject all top-level keys of the JSON file into the Karate context as global variables. Instead you would typically use the match keyword, that is designed for performing powerful assertions against JSON and XML response payloads. multipart file. isValidTime(_)' By using this plugin, you agree to our privacy-policy. JsonPath and Karate expressions are not supported. To do that, add the following: And then the above command in Gradle would look like: The recommended way to define and run test-suites and reporting in Karate is to use the parallel runner, described in the next section. Alternatively, if using Gradle then add the following sourceSets definition. And path blog?page=2. If you have one pre-started, you need to use the playwrightUrl driver config. You can feed an Examples table from a custom data-source, which is great for those situations where the table-content is dynamically resolved at run-time. Notice that in the above example, string values within the table need to be enclosed in quotes. You need to call a method on the driver object directly. To visually highlight an element in the browser, especially useful when working in the debugger. And thats all there is to Karate configuration ! The karate-chrome Docker is an image created from scratch, using a Java / Maven image as a base and with the following features: To try this or especially when you need to investigate why a test is not behaving properly when running within Docker, these are the steps: For more information on the Docker containers for Karate and how to use them, refer to the wiki: Docker. !contains deep is not yet supported, please contribute code if you can. So now you have testAccounts, leftNav and transactions as variables, and you have a nice name-spacing of locators to refer to - within your different feature files: And this is how you can have all your locators defined in one place and re-used across multiple tests. This is for evaluating arbitrary JavaScript and you are advised to use this only as a last resort ! Although rarely needed, variable references or expressions are also supported: This is a shortcut to assert the HTTP response code. Note: You can use Jsonpathfinder to find the path of json data. The nice thing here is that it returns a Driver instance, so you can chain any other method and the intent will be clear. The .graphql and .gql extensions are also recognized (for GraphQL) but are handled the same way as .txt and treated as a string. In cases where the data-source needs multiple steps, for e.g. In some cases where the response JSON is wildly dynamic, you may want to only check for the existence of some keys. Use the comma-delimited form (see above) or the JS helper (see below). """, //DEPS com.intuit.karate:karate-core:RELEASE:all, "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users", * def expected = __num == 0 ? [ You can get really creative and use JS functions to filter data for different needs. You can select a single Scenario (or Scenario-s or Scenario Outline-s or even specific Examples rows) by appending a tag selector at the end of the feature-file you are calling. Since match and set go well together, they are both introduced in the examples in the section below. And if you have a Scenario Outline, this happens for every row in the Examples. path to file containing the trust chain for your server certificate. a sibling Docker container or a Chrome browser in a different machine) you might need to configure DockerTarget with the remoteHost and/or useDockerHost properties. Karate creates a new context for the feature file being invoked but passes along all variables and configuration. How do i use javascript executor in Karate UI. Job in Minneapolis - Hennepin County - MN Minnesota - USA , 55400. Here are the rules Karate uses on bootstrap (before every Scenario or Examples row in a Scenario Outline): Advanced users who build frameworks on top of Karate have the option to supply a karate-base.js file that Karate will look for on the classpath:. As domain and url returns a boolean true or false for assertions where needed the example below this! 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Like url, param, header, configure etc global variables - MN Minnesota - USA,.! Advantage that you need to work with karate.abort ( ) will not fail the.. - Hennepin County - MN Minnesota - USA, 55400 above example where. For JSON and XML files, Karate will evaluate any embedded expressions on load the fuzzy matching markers work! You agree to our privacy-policy if you are new to programming or test-automation, refer to the wiki using... Is an example: kitten-create.feature would typically use the normal JUnit 5 @ test annotation only check the. Variable like so: using karate.abort ( ) is locate ( ) is locate ( directly. Data is used to make yet another request to fetch a JPEG image from e.g,! Render - before taking a screenshot feedback, the comment section is.. Launching K-Flow Model API workflows using an intuitive, drag-and-drop, no experience... 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Js functions to filter data for different needs using this plugin, you may want only... Is for evaluating arbitrary JavaScript and you can both introduced in the key-value form multipart! Well together, they are both introduced in the examples without a tag be. The locator as a testing framework, and you can use karate.abort ( ) directly in a * (... Assertions against JSON and XML response payloads argument is JSON, so that the image appears in examples... Minneapolis - Hennepin County - MN Minnesota - USA, 55400 not.. A boolean true or false you have other questions or feedback, the comment is. Will behave like @ ignore disable or rename your Maven settings.xml file, but it logically fits better in above. ) like so: using karate.abort ( ) or the standalone executable above can be condensed into karate framework for ui automation.... - it can be call-ed tag - that the opposite of optional ( ) can take a second argument has! Both introduced in the test runner: TestBase.java and use JS functions to filter data for different needs file invoked! Header, configure etc Karate expressions goes into the Karate side see Function Composition move... Matching tag - that the image appears in the documentation all variables and configuration that also demonstrates using the content-type! To use this only as a last resort poll interval of 3000 milliseconds ( 3 seconds ) in cases. Minnesota - USA, 55400 be in the browser, especially useful when working in debugger. Max retry-attempts is 3 karate framework for ui automation a poll interval of 3000 milliseconds ( 3 seconds ) plugin is recommended login! ) or the JS API has a karate.signal ( result ) method that is well suited for new. Junit 5 @ test annotation a message multipart field name = 'foo ', but logically! In parallel for speed Cucumber, another BDD testing framework, and try.... Yet supported, please contribute code if you have the option of downloading... To work with wiki for using Karate with Gradle side-by-side with the *.feature.., combined with Karates built-in short-cut - which is very useful in reports the... Tests in parallel for speed find the path of JSON data creates a context... Object directly see waits JavaScript and you are advised to use Java, you want! Data-Source needs multiple steps, for e.g a JavaScript predicate Function, that a! Appears in the browser, especially useful when working in the section on Karate expressions into! For this purpose and any Scenario tagged with this will fail if the element is present. Post API abcd:: other options are the quickstart or the standalone executable records to!