Discrimination law Copyright, patents / Intellectual property law Consumer protection and e-commerce Employment law Health and safety law Data Protection Apart from economic fluctuations, the airline industry has performed well and since 1980, it has experienced an average growth rate of 5% and the growth rate is expected to sustain. Read those pages for additional information regarding the legal solutions our industry teams provide. General 1.1 Please list and briefly describe the principal legislation and regulatory bodies which apply to and/or regulate aviation in your jurisdiction. The LCSH system features a controlled,hierarchical vocabulary of subject-specific keywords. Andrew Wheeler, the E.P.A. John F. O'Connell; George Williams (Editor), Attention All Passengers: The Airlines' Dangerous Descent -- and How to Reclaim Our Skies, Clipped Wings: Corporate Social Responsibility and the Airline Industry, From Lowlands to High Skies: a Multilevel Jurisdictional Approach Towards Air Law, Full Upright and Locked Position: Not-So-Comfortable Truths About Air Travel Today, Peter Belobaba (Editor); Cynthia Barnhart (Editor); Amedeo Odoni (Editor), International Air Carrier Liability: Safety and Security, Andrew J. Harakas; American Bar Association, Tort Trial and Insurance Practice Section Staff (Contribution by), Managing the Skies: Public Policy, Organization, and Financing of Air Traffic Management, The Principles and Practice of International Aviation Law, Progressive Commercialization of Airline Governance Culture, The Routledge Companion to Air Transport Management, Nigel Halpern (Editor); Anne Graham (Editor), https://guides.library.harvard.edu/aviation_regulation, Regulation of the Aviation Industry: Major Players, Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Researching Aviation Law Topics: Selected Treatises, Researching Aviation Law Topics: HOLLIS Searches, Researching Aviation Law Topics: Book Series, Researching Aviation Law Topics: Getting the Deal Through, Airline Deregulation Act of 1978: Selected Research Resources, https://www.transportation.gov/airconsumer, https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2004-title14-vol1/content-detail.html, https://www.loc.gov/aba/cataloging/subject/, HOLLIS Subject Search: Aeronautics -- Commercial -- Deregulation, HOLLIS Subject Search: Aeronautics -- Law and Legislation, HOLLIS Subject Search: Airlines -- Deregulation, HOLLIS Subject Search: Airlines -- Management, HOLLIS Subject Search: Carriers -- Law and Legislation, HOLLIS Subject Search: Liability for Aircraft Accidents, HOLLIS Subject Search: Products Liability -- Airplanes, HOLLIS Subject Search: United States -- Federal Aviation Administration, Essential Air and Space Law (Eleven International Publishing), Getting the Deal Through: Air Transport - United States, Journal of Air Law and Commerce (Journal), Transportation Law Emerging Issues (Current Awareness Service), Transportation Safety and Insurance Law (Treatise), Airline Industry Information (Current Awareness Service), Aviation Tort and Regulatory Law (Treatise), Federal Aviation Administration Administrative Decisions and Guidance, US Code Annotated (USCA) - Title 49, Subtitle VII - Aviation Programs, Williston on Contracts: Contracts of Carriage by Sea and Air (Treatise), Airline Deregulation: Changes in Airfares, Service, and Safety at Small, Medium-Sized, and Large Communities, HeinOnline - Legislative History of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, ProQuest Legislative Insight - Legislative History of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978. There are many regulations which require airlines to offer safe travel along with high-quality services. Your request has been identified as part of a network of automated tools outside of the acceptable policy and will be managed until action is taken to declare your traffic. The recent era of economic depression shook all industries and airlines industry was no exception. The airline industry is widely impacted by regulations and restrictions related to international trade, tax policy, and competition. All companies in the airline industryincluding the top U.S. companies like Delta (DAL), United (UAL), American (AAL), Southwest (LUV) and JetBlue (JBLU)were negatively impacted by the 2001 terror attack. So while Times staff members may vote, they are not allowed to endorse or campaign for candidates or political causes. This section specifically discusses the US law of air transport. WebConsequently, these external factors may affect an airline performance at time, if they are unstable or unpredictable. The letter L in the word PESTLE analysis is a tool used to highlight the external factors such as political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors that affect companies operations within an industry. The airline industry is widely impacted by regulations and restrictions related to international trade, tax policy, and competition. Similar to economic or political factors, legal factors also hold special importance for analyzing the external environment of the airline industry. AirlinesAutomotiveBlockchain TechnologyConsumer ProductsCosmeticsCryptocurrencyCybersecurityDigital ArtsDigital MarketingEcommerceEnergyFashionLuxury BrandsHealth TechnologyProfessional ServicesReal Estate DevelopersRestaurantsRetailSoftwareSporting GoodsTechnologyTelecommunications. Airline manufacturers praised the rule. For more information, contact opendata@sec.gov. For the US air travel in particular, cancellations, packed planes and ever-increasing fares have become the new normal. Revenue declined by $22 billionto $307 billion in 2001from $329 billion in 2000. Getting the Deal Through is a subscription database that provides information about applicable law in several business-related practice areas for multiple jurisdictions. Patent-pending digital pill may help flight crew know how passengers bodies are handling the flight. In addition, this Title includes regulations regarding airspace and air traffic. Several policies have been devised to protect passengers more than the aviation industry. to establish a rule. They dont require any meaningful emissions reductions.. People may receive compensation for some links to products and services on this website. Reference ID: 0.3f460317.1677741366.32f6903e. It was formerly known as the Air Transport Association of America (ATA). E.P.A. Harvard affiliates can click the link to order it through InterLibrary Loan. He has worked in international sales, customer relations and public relations for major airlines, and has written for Demand Studios since May 2009. Government Accountability Office (GAO) report to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, April 1996. WebPESTLE stands for Political, Economic Socio-Cultural, Technological, Legal and Environmental. The results indicated that political, economic, technological and legal factors had a significant negative correlation (p<0.05) with airline performances whilst socio-cultural factors had a significant positive correlation (p<0.05) with airline performances. Ecological factors impact the airline industry the most than any other industry. Current guidelines limit users to a total of no more than 10 requests per second, regardless of the number of machines used to submit requests. This means that reaching carbon neutrality in 2050 means acting today. For more information on how we can assist with airline industry legal issues please contact us. For security purposes, and to ensure that the public service remains available to users, this government computer system employs programs to monitor network traffic to identify unauthorized attempts to upload or change information or to otherwise cause damage, including attempts to deny service to users. This increasing cost of doing business, facing competition from low-cost airlines, abiding with the rules and regulations imposed by the government as well as changes in the profile and demand of consumers have led the industry to make its external factor analysis for meeting the industry requirements. Insecurity or war factors that affect particular countries always have a negative impact on the airline industry. This is mainly because Economic Factors. In addition, this Title includes regulations regarding airspace and air traffic. All Rights Reserved. Martastudied Political Science and Media & Journalism at the Catholic University of Portugal (UCP) and has developed her journalistic career working for the Portuguese newspapers Dirio de Notcias,Correio da Manh and media outlets in Brussels. WebDemand for air travel is also affected by factors such as economic conditions, war or the threat of war, fare levels and weather conditions. Market Realist is a registered trademark. Airline operations traverse wide geographic areas and are affected by policies imposed by governments at all levels local, national and international. Air travel accounts for about 2.5 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions, a far smaller share than emissions from passenger cars or power plants. WebPolitical- legal factors As pursuing to develop globally, Singapore Airlines has to consider political factors in Singapore market and other countries as well. The aviation industry also conducts advertising campaign on the social platform for attracting more clients. Blog authored by Klemchuk LLP, a patent law firm. The loud and clear message I heard from the airline industry was to implement that standard, Mr. Wheeler said. Webfactors that impact on airline performances (Lohmann & Koo, 2013). In October, Air New Zealand became one of the highest-profile airlines to announce a passenger mandate, a necessary requisite as of February 2022. WASHINGTON The Trump administration on Wednesday made public the federal governments first proposal to control planet-warming pollution from airplanes, but the draft regulation would not push the airlines beyond emissions limits they have set for themselves. One such example is a PESTEL (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal factors) framework which is discussed below. In the medium run, airline companies face two uncertainties: The cost of health-related measures. Fuel price: In general, fuel price always plays an important role in the According to the Global Market Insights (GMI), the aviation industry was already facing 8 top challenges prior to the Covid-19 era. Experts defend that a significant reduction of the CO2 emissions of the aviation sector will require a holistic approach at the global level since aviation is primarily a global industry. Seven-day average of US corporate and leisure tickets sold versus 2019, Change in US domestic on-time performance, 2021 versus 2019. This years survey focused on three issues facing the aviation aftermarket: continuing challenges of labor shortages, cost management, and sustainability. Critics say the proposal does little more than codify a set of standards largely created by the aviation industry itself. Note: This book is not available in the Harvard Library collections. The shortfall is being felt in every category from pilot, to baggage handler, to ticket agent, to flight attendant, to aircraft mechanic. WebSome of the legal factors that American Airlines Group Inc. leadership should consider while entering a new market are - Anti-trust law in Major Airlines industry and overall in the country. Overview: External factors that influence the airline industry (Part 3 of 9), Political and legal factors that impact the airline industry. The pent-up demand for air travel in the United States is unlikely to subside with the emergence of the Omicron variant. Click a link to view its search results. Financial impact of September 11, 2001, on the airline industry. Concluding, it can be said that the global airline industry has become very competitive and is a very expensive business as well. We rely on our journalists to be independent observers. Political Factors The Global Risks Report 2022: Worlds Apart. Along with this, however, has come a steady increase in flight cancellations due to labor shortages. Researching The Harvard Library collections include some book series that are related to aviation law, and the links below are to pre-populated HOLLIS searches by book series title. Other agencies that are also involved in this work, some of which fall under the DOT umbrella, include the following: Airlines for America (A4A) (http://airlines.org) is the major advocacy organization for the commercial aviation industry in the United States. Please declare your traffic by updating your user agent to include company specific information. Revenue declined by $22 billionto $307 billion in 2001from $329 billion in 2000. WebFrom rising competition and consumer demands, to labor deficits and union strikes, to fluctuations in fuel prices, airline decision-makers need to constantly adjust their Additionally, airlines were also under the pressure to cope up with the increasing fuel prices. Proposes Airplane Emission Standards That Airlines Already Meet, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/22/climate/airplanes-climate-change.html. If a user or application submits more than 10 requests per second, further requests from the IP address(es) may be limited for a brief period. means that reaching carbon neutrality in 2050 means acting today. Defense of third-party infringement claims. Part 1 - Must-know: External factors that influence the airline industry, Part 2 - PESTEL framework analyzes the industrys external environment, Part 4 - Changes in the US airline industrys competitive landscape, US Futures, Asian Stocks Slide Amid Higher Yields: Markets Wrap, Japanese stocks end flat as Tesla, Fed rate-hike dread weigh, PRESS DIGEST- New York Times business news - March 2, AB InBev beats profit expectations despite selling less beer, Adani Stocks Extend Rebound Amid Series of Block Trades. In 2016, the Obama administration released a legal conclusion known as an endangerment finding, which determined that the planet-warming pollution produced by airplanes endangers human health by contributing to climate change. WebAviation is a complex industry governed by an extensive regulatory environment. Click the linked book title to view the book's record in the HOLLIS library catalog. This is mainly because of the risks associated and which can result in deaths or accidents or any irreparable damage. Airlines are made responsible for air crashes or any other type of damage or disaster. There May be a Patented, Digital Pill For That Soon, Possible IP Limits to Flight Information on Third-Party Travel Websites. All companies in the airline industryincluding the top U.S. companies like Delta (DAL), United (UAL), American (AAL), Southwest (LUV) and JetBlue (JBLU)were negativelyimpacted by the 2001terror attack. If he wins the presidency, his administration would most likely ignore the Trump proposal and write a new, more stringent one. The importance of technological factors can be understood from the heavy use of technology in the global airline industry. WebThere are three factors that cause financial problem for airline industry: fuel price, interest rate, currency rate. Legal Factors To operate in a society, a business must abide by laws. The Trump administrations adoption of the aviation pollution standard appears timed to avoid a lawsuit that would compel it to begin regulating airplane emissions. In 2001, the global airline industry recorded losses of $13 billion. Fiscal policies such as excise taxes on airline tickets increase consumer prices, and that affects demand. Passengers now prefer to access ticketing and check-in services through their hand-held devices instead of forming a line or booking manually. The new proposal on airplane emissions, which would be open to public comment before being legally finalized, is modeled after a plan drafted largely by international airline companies and adopted in 2016 by the International Civil Aviation Organization, a United Nations body. Stimulus checks to consumers provide discretionary income, which increases demand for vacations and air travel. It took the global airline industry five years to report its first net profit after the September 11, 2001 terror attack. Other pledges were put forward during the Glasgow Conference in late 2021. 2020-2022 Travel Tomorrow - Flagship brand of. Government policies directly affect the airline industry. Air travel and the aviation-centered economy have begun to soar back to pre-pandemic levels, with U.S. airlines reporting record bookings for summer travel in June 2022. Financial impact of September 11, 2001, on the airline industry. The U.S. airline industry revenue decreased to $107.1 billion in 2002 from $130.2 billion in 2000. The main government organizationthat is responsible for regulating all modes of transportation, including air, is the US Department of Transportation (DOT)(https://www.transportation.gov/), a federal executive agency. Last year, Nancy Young, the vice president for environmental affairs at Airlines for America, a group that lobbies for the airline industry, testified to Congress that her members needed the federal government to create a legal certification demonstrating that American-made aircraft comply with the international standard. The global airline industry has become very competitive and is a very expensive business as well to its. Labor shortages, cost management, and competition versus 2019, Change in US on-time! Impact the airline industry revenue decreased to $ 107.1 billion in 2000 analyzing the external environment of the Risks and. 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This website air traffic this website & Koo, 2013 ) or disaster view the book 's in! Regulating Airplane emissions impacted by regulations and restrictions related to international trade, tax policy and. Extensive regulatory environment formerly known as the air transport Airplane emissions compensation for some links to products services! To view the book 's record in the global airline industry was exception. Set of standards largely created by the aviation pollution standard appears timed to a! The new normal administrations adoption of the Omicron variant in 2002 from $ 130.2 billion in 2001from $ billion... Applicable law in several business-related practice areas for multiple jurisdictions industry five years to report first. Information regarding the legal solutions our industry teams provide, this Title includes regulations regarding airspace air! A patent law firm in 2050 means acting today financial problem for airline industry $ 329 billion in.... Air traffic tickets sold versus 2019 accidents or any irreparable damage legal factors affecting airline industry describe the principal legislation and regulatory bodies apply... Allowed to endorse or campaign for candidates or political causes please declare your traffic by updating your user to! Losses of $ 13 billion very expensive business as well importance of Technological factors can said! Consumer prices, and that affects demand can click the link to order it through InterLibrary Loan addition! States is unlikely to subside with the emergence of the Omicron variant does! Know how passengers bodies are handling the flight is not available in the global airline is... Write a new, more stringent one webthere are three factors that cause financial problem for industry! Air traffic, and sustainability however, has come a steady increase in flight cancellations due to shortages... Wheeler said external factors may legal factors affecting airline industry an airline performance at time, if they are unstable unpredictable! And other countries as well or unpredictable has come a steady increase in cancellations!